Standards
A standard is a rule or basis for comparison that is used to assess the size, content, or quality of an object or activity (Humphrey, 1990).
A standard is a technical specification or other document available to the public, drawn up with the cooperation and consensus or general approval of all parties affected by it, based upon the consolidated results of science, technology, and experience, a
De facto vs. de jure / Open vs. proprietary / Product vs. process