International journals

Forgiarini, A., Buttussi, F., Chittaro, L., Enhancing spatial memory with a serious game: VR headset versus smartphone setups. Virtual Reality, 2026.

Tomasetig, B., Buttussi, F., Chittaro, L., Collaboration in an immersive VR Edu-Metaverse improves knowledge gain and retention of concise cultural heritage content, Virtual Reality, 2026.

Deroma, L., Buttussi, F., Tullio, A., Forgiarini, A., Valent, F. and Chittaro, L., Evaluating a basic life support and defibrillation XR system with healthcare professionals: the role of feedback on knowledge and skill gain and the effects of refresh training, Virtual Reality, 2026.

Pascoli, M., Buttussi, F., Schekotihin, K., Chittaro, L., Introducing Agent Personality in Crowd Simulation Improves Social Presence and Experienced Realism in Immersive VR, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 31, n. 10, October 2025, pp. 7269-7283. [See abstract and download PDF]

Chittaro, L., Buttussi, F., Riva, G., FARE - Food Augmented Reality Exposure, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, vol. 28, n. 1, January 2025, pp. 72-74. [See abstract and download PDF]

Buttussi, F., Chittaro, L., Embedding Test Questions in Educational Mobile Virtual Reality: A Study on Hospital Hygiene Procedures, IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, vol. 17, 2024, pp. 2253-2265. [See abstract and download PDF]

Forgiarini, A., Deroma, L., Buttussi, F., Zangrando, N., Licata, S., Valent, F., Chittaro, L., Di Chiara, A., Introducing Virtual Reality in a STEMI Coronary Syndrome Course: Qualitative Evaluation with Nurses and Doctors, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, vol. 27, n. 6, June 2024, pp. 387-398. [See abstract and download PDF]

Buttussi, F., Chittaro, L., Acquisition and retention of spatial knowledge through virtual reality experiences: Effects of VR setup and locomotion technique, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Vol. 177, September 2023, Article 103067. [See abstract and download PDF]

Chittaro, L., Buttussi, F., Learning Safety through Public Serious Games: A Study of "Prepare for Impact" on a Very Large, International Sample of Players, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 28, n. 3, March 2022, pp. 1573-1584, [See abstract and download PDF]

Buttussi, F., Chittaro, L., A Comparison of Procedural Safety Training in Three Conditions: Virtual Reality Headset, Smartphone, and Printed Materials, IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, vol. 14, no. 1, February 2021, pp. 1-15. [See abstract and download PDF]

Buttussi, F., Chittaro, L., Locomotion in Place in Virtual Reality: A Comparative Evaluation of Joystick, Teleport, and Leaning, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 27, no. 1, January 2021, pp. 125-136, [See abstract and download PDF]

Buttussi, F., Chittaro, L., Valent, F., A virtual reality methodology for cardiopulmonary resuscitation training with and without a physical mannequin, Journal of Biomedical Informatics, vol. 111, November 2020, art. no. 103590. [See abstract and download PDF]

Buttussi, F., Chittaro, L., Humor and Fear Appeals in Animated Pedagogical Agents: An Evaluation in Aviation Safety Education, IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, vol. 13, no. 1, January-March 2020, pp. 63-76. [See abstract and download PDF]

Chittaro, L., Buttussi, F., Exploring the use of arcade game elements for attitude change: Two studies in the aviation safety domain, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 127, July 2019, pp. 112-123. [See abstract and download PDF]

Buttussi, F., Chittaro, L., Effects of Different Types of Virtual Reality Display on Presence and Learning in a Safety Training Scenario, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 24, no. 2, February 2018, pp. 1063-1076. [See abstract and download PDF]

Chittaro L., Buttussi F., Assessing Knowledge Retention of an Immersive Serious Game vs. a Traditional Education Method in Aviation Safety, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 21, no. 4, April 2015, pp. 529-538. [See abstract and download PDF]

Ranon R., Chittaro L., Buttussi F., Automatic Camera Control meets Emergency Simulations: an Application to Aviation Safety, Computers and Graphics, Vol. 48, May 2015, pp. 23-34. [See abstract and download PDF]

Buttussi F., Pellis T., Cabas Vidani A., Pausler D., Carchietti E., Chittaro L., Evaluation of a 3D serious game for advanced life support retraining, International Journal of Medical Informatics, Vol. 82, No. 9, September 2013, pp. 798-809. [See abstract and download PDF]

Buttussi F., Chittaro L., Smarter Phones for Healthier Lifestyles: An Adaptive Fitness Game, IEEE Pervasive Computing, Vol. 9, No. 4, October/December 2010, pp. 51-57. [See abstract and download PDF]

Buttussi F., Chittaro L., MOPET: A Context-Aware and User-Adaptive Wearable System for Fitness Training, Artificial Intelligence In Medicine, Vol. 42, No. 2, February 2008, pp. 153-163. [See abstract and download PDF]

International conference proceedings

Nerelli, E. G., Egea Benavente, A., Buttussi, F., Montagud Climent, M., Segura-Garcia, J., Shared Visits to Lost Theaters: Holoportation and Multimodal Content in Virtual Reality. Proceedings of the 2026 ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences (IMX '26), ACM, New York, June 2026, pp. 592-596.

Bermúdez-Chinea, D., Alvari, G., Coianiz, T., Menéndez-Blanco, M., Burigat, S., Buttussi, F., Chittaro, L., Venuti, P., De Angeli, A., Navigating Uncertainty in a Virtual Supermarket: Designing a VR Tool to Promote Autonomy in Autistic Youth. Proceedings of the 2026 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI '26), ACM, New York, June 2026, Article 50, 1-9.

Colussi, G., Serena, G., Fontana, F., Buttussi, F., Virtual augmentation of a simulated scenario for first aid operators training. Proceedings of the 2026 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI '26), ACM, New York, June 2026, Article 42, 1-5.

Forgiarini, A., De Maria, E., Buttussi, F., Probabilistic Modeling and Verification of an Adaptive VR Serious Game for Patients with Cognitive Impairment, Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. AIME 2025, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 15735, Springer, Cham, June 2025, pp. 160-164, [See abstract and download PDF]

Forgiarini, A., Buttussi, F., Chittaro, L., Virtual Reality for Object Location Spatial Memory: A Comparison of Handheld Controllers and Force Feedback Gloves, Proceedings of CHITALY 2023: 15th Biannual Conference of the Italian ACM SIGCHI Chapter, ACM Press, New York, September 2023, pp. 1-9, [See abstract and download PDF]

Chittaro L., Buttussi F., Zangrando N., Desktop virtual reality for emergency preparedness: user evaluation of an aircraft ditching experience under different fear arousal conditions, Proceedings of VRST 2014: 20th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, ACM Press, New York, November 2014, pp. 141-150. [See abstract and download PDF]

Buttussi F., Chittaro L., Carchietti E., Coppo M., Using Mobile Devices to Support Communication Between Emergency Medical Responders and Deaf People, Proceedings of MOBILE HCI 2010: 12th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, ACM Press, New York, September 2010, pp. 7-16. [See abstract and download PDF]

Buttussi F., Chittaro L., Nadalutti D., Filtering Fitness Trail Content Generated by Mobile Users, Proceedings of the International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization (UMAP 2009), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, June 2009, pp. 441-446. [See abstract and download PDF]

Buttussi F., Chittaro L., Ranon R., Verona A., Adaptation of Graphics and Gameplay in Fitness Games by Exploiting Motion and Physiological Sensors, Butz A. et al. (eds.), Proceedings of SG 2007: 7th International Symposium on Smart Graphics, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4569, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, June 2007, pp. 85-96. [See abstract and download PDF]

Buttussi F., Chittaro L., Coppo M., Using Web3D Technologies for Visualization and Search of Signs in an International Sign Language Dictionary, Proceedings of Web3D 2007: 12th International Conference on 3D Web Technology, ACM Press, New York, April 2007, pp. 61-70. [See abstract and download PDF]

Buttussi F., Chittaro L., Nadalutti D., Bringing mobile guides and fitness activities together: a solution based on an embodied virtual trainer, Proceedings of MobileHCI 2006: 8th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, ACM Press, New York, September 2006, pp. 29-36. [See abstract and download PDF]

Chittaro L., Buttussi F., Nadalutti D., MAge-AniM: a system for visual modeling of embodied agent animations and their replay on mobile devices, Proceedings of AVI 2006: 8th International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, ACM Press, New York, May 2006, pp. 344-351. [See abstract and download PDF]

Buttussi F., Chittaro L., Nadalutti D., H-Animator: A Visual Tool for Modeling, Reuse and Sharing of X3D Humanoid Animations, Proceedings of Web3D 2006: 11th International Conference on 3D Web Technology, ACM Press, New York, April 2006, pp. 109-117. [See abstract and download PDF]

Nadalutti D., Chittaro L., Buttussi F., Rendering of X3D Content on Mobile Devices with OpenGL ES, Proceedings of Web3D 2006: 11th International Conference on 3D Web Technology, ACM Press, New York, April 2006, pp. 19-26. [See abstract and download PDF]

Book chapter

Chittaro, L., Buttussi, F., Learning and Training: Approaches Based on Serious Games and Virtual Reality. In: Vanderdonckt, J., Palanque, P., Winckler, M. (eds) Handbook of Human Computer Interaction. Springer, Cham, 2026.